Ciprofloxacin

Cipro, Cipro XR, Otiprio, Otovel, Ciloxan, Cipro HC, Ciprodex, Proquin, Cetraxal

Antibiotic • Fluoroquinolone

Premium

QT RiskNephrotoxic

Half-life

4 hours

Protein Binding

20-40%

Metabolized By

CYP1A2

External

Drugs.com

Boxed warning

Tendinitis and tendon rupture
Peripheral neuropathy
CNS effects
Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Clinical alerts

Boxed warning

4 boxed warnings

QT prolongation

Avoid combining with other QT-prolonging agents; check electrolytes

Nephrotoxic

Monitor renal function; avoid other nephrotoxins where possible

Mechanism of action

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Recorded indications

From the drug index — may include conditions studied rather than approved indications

·Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
·Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs)
·Biofilm Formation by Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli (UPEC)
·Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
·Dietary Modification

Monitoring

Therapeutic range: 1–4 mg/L; AUC/MIC ≥ 125

Interactions

2 curated · 1 major or contraindicated · select a row for management

Interacting drug	Severity	Effect
theophylline	major	50-100% increase in theophylline levels, seizure and arrhythmia risk
metformin	moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis.

Common adverse effects

Nausea
Diarrhea
Headache
Dizziness
Tendinitis

Food, alcohol & herbal

Food

Avoid dairy products and calcium-fortified foods (reduce absorption)
Take 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids

Alcohol · moderate

May increase CNS side effects

Herbal

Caffeine (moderate) — Ciprofloxacin inhibits caffeine metabolism, increasing its effects

Pharmacokinetics

Published parameters · PMID:12876190

Half-life: 4 hours
Protein binding: 20-40%
Metabolised by: CYP1A2
Inhibits: CYP1A2
Clearance: 30 L/h; adult patients
Volume of distribution: 170 L
Bioavailability: 70%
Renally eliminated: 45%
Model: 2-compartment

Pregnancy & lactation

Not recorded for Ciprofloxacin. Absence here means this database does not hold a category — not that the drug is safe in pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Sources

Assembled from: drug index, curated drug database, curated interaction pairs, published PK literature.

Not a substitute for clinical judgement

Ciprofloxacin

Cipro, Cipro XR, Otiprio, Otovel, Ciloxan, Cipro HC, Ciprodex, Proquin, Cetraxal

Antibiotic • Fluoroquinolone

Premium

QT RiskNephrotoxic

Half-life

4 hours

Protein Binding

20-40%

Metabolized By

CYP1A2

External

Drugs.com

Boxed warning

Tendinitis and tendon rupture
Peripheral neuropathy
CNS effects
Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Clinical alerts

Boxed warning

4 boxed warnings

QT prolongation

Avoid combining with other QT-prolonging agents; check electrolytes

Nephrotoxic

Monitor renal function; avoid other nephrotoxins where possible

Mechanism of action

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Recorded indications

From the drug index — may include conditions studied rather than approved indications

·Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
·Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs)
·Biofilm Formation by Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli (UPEC)
·Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
·Dietary Modification

Monitoring

Therapeutic range: 1–4 mg/L; AUC/MIC ≥ 125

Interactions

2 curated · 1 major or contraindicated · select a row for management

Interacting drug	Severity	Effect
theophylline	major	50-100% increase in theophylline levels, seizure and arrhythmia risk
metformin	moderate	Increased risk of hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis.

Common adverse effects

Nausea
Diarrhea
Headache
Dizziness
Tendinitis

Food, alcohol & herbal

Food

Avoid dairy products and calcium-fortified foods (reduce absorption)
Take 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids

Alcohol · moderate

May increase CNS side effects

Herbal

Caffeine (moderate) — Ciprofloxacin inhibits caffeine metabolism, increasing its effects

Pharmacokinetics

Published parameters · PMID:12876190

Half-life: 4 hours
Protein binding: 20-40%
Metabolised by: CYP1A2
Inhibits: CYP1A2
Clearance: 30 L/h; adult patients
Volume of distribution: 170 L
Bioavailability: 70%
Renally eliminated: 45%
Model: 2-compartment

Pregnancy & lactation

Not recorded for Ciprofloxacin. Absence here means this database does not hold a category — not that the drug is safe in pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Sources

Assembled from: drug index, curated drug database, curated interaction pairs, published PK literature.

Not a substitute for clinical judgement

Ciprofloxacin Drug Profile | PharmaGraphX